Can Dogs Survive Lymph Node Cancer?

The lymphatic system is an important part of the body’s immune system.

When cancer affects the lymph nodes, it can have a devastating effect on a dog’s health.

In this blog post, we explore the prognosis for dogs with lymph node cancer and discuss how to best care for a dog in this situation.

We’ll also provide advice about when to seek veterinary help and how to recognize any warning signs that could indicate a worsening condition.

Key Takeaway

• Lymphoma in dogs is a type of cancer that originates from lymphocytes, the cells that play a vital role in the immune system, affecting various areas of the body such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract.
• Dogs can survive lymph node cancer, with about 80%-90% of dogs achieving remission with appropriate treatment, although most will eventually have a relapse of their cancer, and without treatment, survival time is typically very short.
• Types of lymphoma cancer in dogs include multicentric lymphoma, alimentary lymphoma, mediastinal lymphoma, extranodal lymphoma, cutaneous lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.

What Is Lymphoma in Dogs?

Lymphoma in dogs is a type of cancer that originates within the lymphatic system, specifically affecting white blood cells called lymphocytes.

This cancer can be localized to one region or spread throughout the entire body, and it’s one of the most common cancers seen in dogs.

It’s important to note that while lymphoma can be wonderfully responsive to treatment, for veterinary patients, it is not typically cured.

The life expectancy with most types of lymphoma in dogs is limited to only a few months, but with chemotherapy protocols, this can be increased to an average of 6½ to 12 months depending on the treatment plan.

Can Dogs Survive Lymph Node Cancer?

Yes, dogs can survive lymph node cancer, also known as lymphoma, but survival rates depend heavily on the stage of the disease and the treatment provided.

With treatment, about 80% to 90% of dogs with lymphoma attain complete remission with an average survival of 12-14 months.

However, without treatment, dogs with lymphoma tend to survive a very short period of time—only around two to three months.

Unfortunately, most dogs with lymphoma will have a relapse of their cancer at some point.

A second remission can be achieved in a large number of dogs, but it is usually of a shorter duration than the first remission.

Despite this, lymphoma is a type of cancer that usually responds well to chemotherapy.

What’s The Survival Rate For Dogs With Lymphoma?

The survival rate for dogs with lymphoma with treatment is approximately 80% to 90% with an average survival time of 12-14 months.

The life expectancy with most types of lymphoma in dogs is limited to only a few months if left untreated.

However, with chemotherapy protocols, this can be increased to an average of 6½ to 12 months. In rare cases, some dogs are apparently cured of their lymphoma by chemotherapy.

Unfortunately, most dogs with lymphoma will experience a relapse of their cancer at some point, and a second remission can be achieved in a large number of dogs, though it is usually of a shorter duration than the first remission.

What Are The Stages of Lymphoma In Dogs?

Lymphoma in dogs typically progresses through five stages:

Stage I

At this stage, only a single lymph node is affected. The disease has not yet spread to other parts of the body.

Stage II

At stage II, multiple lymph nodes in one area of the body are involved. However, the cancer has still not spread to the rest of the body.

Stage III

In stage III, multiple lymph nodes on both sides of the body are affected. This indicates that the cancer has started to spread more widely.

Stage IV

This stage is characterized by further spread of the disease to organs and tissues beyond the lymph nodes.

Stage V

In the final stage, the cancer has spread throughout the body, affecting multiple organs and systems.

Types Of Lymphoma Cancer In Dogs

There are several types of lymphoma in dogs, each affecting a different kind of lymphocyte and each with its own set of symptoms and treatment considerations. Here are the main types:

Multicentric Lymphoma

This is the most common type of lymphoma in dogs, representing about 80% of cases. It affects the external lymph nodes. Symptoms may include swelling of the lymph nodes, loss of appetite, and lethargy.

Alimentary (Gastrointestinal) Lymphoma

This type represents about 7% to 24% of canine lymphoma cases and primarily affects the intestines. Symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and loss of appetite.

Mediastinal Lymphoma

Mediastinal lymphoma affects the lymphoid tissues of the chest and often leads to fluid accumulation around the lungs. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, increased thirst, and increased urination.

Extranodal Lymphoma

This form of lymphoma occurs in organs other than the lymph nodes, such as the skin, eyes, heart, bones, or central nervous system. Symptoms vary widely depending on the organ affected.

Cutaneous Lymphoma

Also known as skin lymphoma, this type can appear as single or multiple skin lesions that can be itchy, red, flaky, or ulcerated.

Causes Of Lymphoma Cancer In Dogs

• Genetics: Certain breeds such as Boxers, Basset Hounds, Saint Bernards, Scottish Terriers, Bulldogs, and Airedale Terriers appear to be at increased risk, suggesting a genetic component.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain pesticides or herbicides has been linked to an increased risk of developing lymphoma in some studies.
• Secondhand Smoke: Some research suggests that exposure to secondhand smoke could increase a dog’s risk of lymphoma.
• Chronic Inflammation: Long-term inflammation, such as that caused by chronic infections or autoimmune diseases, may increase the risk of lymphoma.
• Age: Lymphoma is more common in middle-aged to older dogs, typically between 6 and 9 years old.
• Immunosuppressive Drugs: Some studies suggest that long-term use of drugs that suppress the immune system may increase the risk of lymphoma.

Diagnosis Of Lymphoma Cancer In Dogs

1. Physical Examination: The veterinarian will check for swollen lymph nodes, which can often be felt under the skin. Other physical signs of illness may also be noted.
2. Fine Needle Aspiration or Biopsy: A small sample of cells from a swollen lymph node or other affected tissue is collected either with a needle or through a surgical biopsy. This sample is then examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
3. Complete Blood Count (CBC): This blood test provides information about the number and types of cells in the dog’s blood. It can help identify anemia, inflammation, infection, and other conditions that may accompany lymphoma.
4. Chemistry Panel: This blood test evaluates the function of various organs and can help determine how advanced the lymphoma is and what treatment options might be best.
5. Imaging Studies: X-rays, ultrasound, or other imaging studies may be used to check for enlarged lymph nodes inside the body or to look for evidence of lymphoma in the chest, abdomen, or other areas.
6. Immunophenotyping: This test determines the type of lymphocytes involved in the lymphoma, which can help guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Marrow Aspiration: In some cases, a sample of bone marrow may be taken to see if the lymphoma has spread there.

Treatment Of Lymphoma Cancer In Dogs

Treatment of lymphoma cancer in dogs involves:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the main treatment for lymphoma in dogs. The goal of chemotherapy is to kill cancer cells while minimizing side effects.

Treatments often involve a combination of drugs administered through injections on a weekly basis. The type of chemotherapy your vet recommends will vary based on the type and stage of lymphoma.

Oral Medication

The FDA has conditionally approved an oral tablet, Laverdia-CA1, for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs. This represents a significant advancement as it provides a new method of administration that can be given at home by the dog’s owner.

Rescue Chemotherapy

For dogs that don’t respond to initial treatments or who experience a relapse, rescue chemotherapy might be an option. This is an intravenous chemotherapy treatment given as a long infusion every 2-3 weeks.

Cost of Treatment

The cost of treating lymphoma in dogs can vary significantly depending on the specific treatment plan. Consultations with veterinary oncologists can range from $125 to $250, while chemotherapy costs can range from $150 to $600 per dose.

Some dogs will require multiple doses of chemotherapy per month for several months or even years, which can bring the total cost of treatment to $10,000 or more.

Recovery From Lymphoma Cancer In Dogs

1. Remission: With treatment, many dogs with lymphoma will go into remission. This means that the signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. The length of remission can vary from several months to a year or more.
2. Survival Time: The average survival time for dogs with lymphoma receiving chemotherapy is about 12-14 months with high-quality care. Some dogs may live longer with advanced treatments.
3. Quality of Life: Most dogs tolerate chemotherapy well and maintain a good quality of life during treatment. Side effects, when they occur, are typically mild and may include nausea, loss of appetite, and lethargy.
4. Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up appointments will be necessary to monitor the dog’s response to treatment and adjust the treatment plan as needed. These may include physical examinations, blood tests, and imaging studies.
5. Relapse: Unfortunately, most canine lymphomas are not curable, and relapse is common. When this happens, additional treatment options may be explored.
6. Supportive Care: In addition to medical treatment, supportive care is important. This can include a balanced diet, regular exercise, and pain management as needed.

Can Dogs Survive Lymphoma Without Treatment?

On average, a dog with lymphoma can live about 1-2 months after diagnosis without any treatment.

This is because canine lymphoma can progress quickly and cause a dog to deteriorate rapidly, with a typical life expectancy of approximately 4 to 8 weeks from when symptoms first become noticeable.

FAQs

Q: What is lymphoma in dogs?

A: Lymphoma in dogs is a common type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for maintaining the body’s immune response. It occurs when lymphoma cells, which are abnormal lymphocytes, start to multiply uncontrollably and form tumors in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs.

Q: How do veterinarians diagnose lymphoma in dogs?

A: Veterinarians typically diagnose lymphoma in dogs through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and diagnostic imaging such as x-rays or ultrasound. However, the most definitive way to diagnose lymphoma is through a tissue biopsy, which involves removing a small sample of affected tissue and examining it under a microscope.

Q: What are the treatment options for lymphoma in dogs?

A: The treatment options for lymphoma in dogs usually include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and in some cases, surgery. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment and aims to kill cancer cells, induce remission, and prolong the dog’s survival time. The specific treatment protocol will depend on the type and stage of lymphoma, as well as the overall health of the dog.

Q: Are there different types of lymphoma in dogs?

A: Yes, there are different types of lymphoma in dogs, including multicentric lymphoma, alimentary lymphoma, mediastinal lymphoma, cutaneous lymphoma, and extranodal lymphoma. Each type of lymphoma has its own characteristics, prognosis, and recommended treatment options. It is important to consult with a veterinary oncologist to determine the most suitable treatment approach for your dog’s specific type of lymphoma.

Q: What is the prognosis for dogs with lymphoma?

A: The prognosis for dogs with lymphoma can vary depending on several factors, including the type and stage of lymphoma, the response to treatment, and the overall health of the dog. With appropriate treatment, many dogs with lymphoma can achieve remission and have a good quality of life for a significant period of time. However, it is important to note that lymphoma is a progressive disease, and eventually, the cancer may become resistant to treatment.

Q: What are the common side effects of chemotherapy in dogs with lymphoma?

A: Chemotherapy treatment for dogs with lymphoma may have some side effects, including vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, lethargy, and suppression of the immune system. However, these side effects are usually manageable and can be minimized with supportive care and medication. Veterinary oncologists will closely monitor the dog’s response to treatment and adjust the medication dosage if necessary to ensure the best possible outcome and minimize discomfort.

Q: Can lymphoma affect other organs in addition to the lymph nodes?

A: Yes, lymphoma can affect other organs in addition to the lymph nodes. It can involve various parts of the body, including the spleen, liver, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and even the central nervous system. The specific organs affected will depend on the type and stage of lymphoma.

Q: Can old English dogs develop lymphoma?

A: Yes, old English dogs can develop lymphoma, just like any other breed. Lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancer in dogs, and it can affect dogs of all breeds, ages, and sizes. However, certain breeds may have a higher predisposition to developing lymphoma, such as Boxers, Airedale Terriers, and Golden Retrievers.

Q: How long can a dog with lymphoma survive?

A: The survival time for dogs with lymphoma can vary depending on several factors, including the type and stage of lymphoma, the chosen treatment options, and the overall health of the dog. With appropriate treatment, some dogs with lymphoma can survive for several months to a year or even longer. However, it is important to note that lymphoma is a progressive disease. The survival time can vary greatly between individual dogs.

In Conclusion

In conclusion, dogs can survive lymph node cancer with the right veterinary care and treatment.

Early detection is key in treating cancer as it can spread quickly and be fatal if not caught early.

With proper care, diet, exercise, and monitoring by a veterinarian, dogs have the best chance of surviving lymph node cancer.